Tenants: gas, water, electricity costs in the Netherlands
As a tenant in the Netherlands you may face uncertainty about who must pay for gas, water or electricity, especially for repairs or temporary outages. This article clearly explains when the landlord is responsible and when the tenant bears costs, and what steps you can take if you disagree. You will read how to file an objection or appeal with the Rent Tribunal and which matters often end up at the cantonal court. We cover practical steps, which evidence is useful, and how to limit costs. The explanation uses plain language so you quickly understand your rights and obligations and how to act in a dispute.
Who pays for gas, water and electricity?
The main principle in Dutch tenancy law (Civil Code Book 7) distinguishes maintenance and repair from individual user costs. For fixed installations and basic services the landlord is often responsible, while loose appliances and consumption costs are usually the tenant's responsibility.[1]
In many areas, major maintenance of installations is the landlord's responsibility.
When does the landlord pay?
- Major maintenance work on central heating, pipes or fixed boilers generally falls to the landlord.
- Faults in fixed installation parts that affect habitability should usually be repaired by the landlord.
- If the lease lists maintenance obligations for the landlord, that is binding unless contrary to the law.
- In disputes, documented evidence such as photos, meter readings and communication carries weight in proceedings.
Always keep photos, bills and messages about faults and repairs.
When does the tenant pay?
- Check energy bills and meter readings; consumption and loose appliances are paid by the tenant.
- Minor maintenance or damage caused by the tenant may be the tenant's responsibility under the contract.
- Administrative costs or individual connections can be paid by the tenant as agreed.
Respond within stated deadlines to requests or reminders to avoid legal problems.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Who pays for a broken boiler?
- If the boiler is part of the dwelling's fixed installation the landlord usually pays; check your lease and consult the Rent Tribunal if unsure.[2]
- Can I object to energy or repair charges?
- Yes. Collect evidence, first file a complaint with the landlord and then consider a request or appeal with the Rent Tribunal or cantonal court depending on the issue.[2]
- What do I do if there is disagreement about who should pay?
- Keep written communication, preserve evidence and consult official information sources or legal help before accepting payment obligations.
How-To
- Gather evidence: photos, meter readings, bills and all written communication.
- Complete the correct form or request a written statement from the landlord and keep copies of everything.
- File an objection or request in time with the Rent Tribunal or respond within the landlord's deadline.
- Prepare for a possible hearing: organize your evidence and note important dates and contacts.
Help and Support / Resources
- Wetten.nl — Civil Code Book 7
- Huurcommissie — information and forms
- Government.nl — information for tenants
